{"id":279945,"date":"2021-04-08T10:05:49","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T10:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/zawilgocenie-budynku-przyczyny-i-skutki\/"},"modified":"2025-04-02T13:17:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T13:17:12","slug":"zawilgocenie-budynku-przyczyny-i-skutki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/uncategorized-sk\/zawilgocenie-budynku-przyczyny-i-skutki\/","title":{"rendered":"Vlhkos\u0165 budovy - pr\u00ed\u010diny."},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Vlhkos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e1 v na\u0161om okol\u00ed, predstavuje v\u00e1\u017enu hrozbu pre trv\u00e1cnos\u0165 budov. Steny, z\u00e1klady a strechy s\u00fa takmer v\u017edy vystaven\u00e9 p\u00f4sobeniu vody z vonkaj\u0161ej i vn\u00fatornej strany.<\/h4>\n

Z vn\u00fatornej strany p\u00f4sob\u00ed na steny budovy vlhkos\u0165 vo forme vodnej pary, ktor\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed: prania, um\u00fdvania, d\u00fdchania, um\u00fdvania riadu, alebo v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed, ako s\u00fa zaplavenia \u010di poruchy in\u0161tal\u00e1ci\u00ed. D\u00e1\u017e\u010f, sneh, hmla p\u00f4sobia na budovu z vonkaj\u0161ej strany. Na z\u00e1klady vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa aj podzemn\u00e9 vody, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 vlhnutie muriva.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom v na\u0161ich klimatick\u00fdch podmienkach je zam\u0155zanie a rozm\u0155zanie vody vn\u00fatri muriva. V podstate p\u00f4sobenie vody nie je ni\u010d\u00edm neobvykl\u00fdm a v\u0161etky budovy s\u00fa mu vystaven\u00e9 po\u010das cel\u00e9ho roka. Av\u0161ak, nie v\u017edy pozorujeme negat\u00edvne n\u00e1sledky tohto javu. Ak je budova dostato\u010dne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1, probl\u00e9my s vlhnut\u00edm muriva sa neobjavia.<\/p>\n

Murivo je vystaven\u00e9 vlhnutiu nielen v star\u00fdch, historick\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch, ale aj v nov\u00fdch objektoch. Odkia\u013e sa berie vlhkos\u0165 v murive alebo na podlahe pivnice?<\/p>\n

D\u00f4vodov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ve\u013ea. Predt\u00fdm ne\u017e sa pust\u00edme do boja s vlhkos\u0165ou, je dobr\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 jej pr\u00ed\u010dinu.
Voda v murive m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 nielen jeho po\u0161kodenie, ale aj ovplyvni\u0165 zdravie obyvate\u013eov budovy. So\u013e obsiahnut\u00e1 v stavebn\u00fdch priehradk\u00e1ch v d\u00f4sledku migr\u00e1cie vlhkosti je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pre samotn\u00e9 murivo a m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 jeho rozpady. S\u00fa tie\u017e neestetick\u00e9 pre oko.<\/p>\n

Mokr\u00e9 steny s\u00fa tie\u017e vynikaj\u00facim prostred\u00edm pre rast h\u00fab a plesn\u00ed. K tomu sa prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 straty energie. Tam, kde \u017eij\u00fa a pracuj\u00fa \u013eudia, musia by\u0165 steny a pivnice such\u00e9 a tesn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Okrem por\u00fach dom\u00e1cich vodovodn\u00fdch in\u0161tal\u00e1ci\u00ed a netesn\u00fdch striech m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vlhnutie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 r\u00f4znymi javmi.<\/h4>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie z nich s\u00fa:<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Za\u0165a\u017eenie da\u017e\u010fovou a rozstreknutou vodou<\/strong>
    Vlhkos\u0165 prenik\u00e1 do muriva v d\u00f4sledku nedostatku alebo z\u00e1vady v tesnen\u00ed sokla.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Hygroskopick\u00e1 vlhkos\u0165<\/strong>
    So\u013e v stene m\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 absorbova\u0165 vlhkos\u0165 zo vzduchu a okolia a uklada\u0165 ju v stavebnom materi\u00e1li (hygroskopickos\u0165).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Kondenz\u00e1cia<\/strong>
    Na studen\u00fdch povrchoch, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku teplotn\u00fdch most\u00edkov v stene, sa vodn\u00e1 para kondenzuje, \u010d\u00edm vznik\u00e1 kvapaln\u00e1 voda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Vlhkos\u0165 prenikaj\u00faca zvonku<\/strong>
    Vlhkos\u0165 prenik\u00e1 do muriva a\/alebo podlahy v d\u00f4sledku nedostatku alebo z\u00e1vady v exteri\u00e9rovom proti-vodnom tesnen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Kapil\u00e1rne zdvihnut\u00e1 vlhkos\u0165<\/strong>
    Vlhkos\u0165 prenik\u00e1 do muriva v d\u00f4sledku nedostatku alebo z\u00e1vady v horizont\u00e1lnom proti-vlhkostnom tesnen\u00ed a\/alebo vonkaj\u0161om hydroizola\u010dnom tesnen\u00ed, a n\u00e1sledne sa kapil\u00e1rne zdvihuje.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0160kodliv\u00e9 soli<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    S vodou, ktor\u00e1 prenik\u00e1 do muriva, sa do\u0148 dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj rozpusten\u00e9 soli, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre budovu.
    Rovnak\u00e9 reakcie (kysl\u00e9 sp\u00e1leniny + spojivo = so\u013e) m\u00f4\u017eu vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 soli v stavebnom materi\u00e1li. Mokr\u00e9 priehradky pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa vodu so so\u013eami do vonkaj\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed muriva. Tam sa voda odparuje a so\u013e zost\u00e1va, vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa charakteristick\u00e9 neestetick\u00e9 v\u00fdkvety. V d\u00f4sledku tohto neust\u00e1leho procesu sa zvy\u0161uje koncentr\u00e1cia soli, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje hygroskopickos\u0165 a teda aj absorpcia vody z okolia.<\/p>\n

    Je to so\u013eny v\u00fdkv\u011bt alebo plese\u0148?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    So\u013en\u00fd v\u00fdkv\u011bt je ve\u013emi \u013eahko zameni\u0165 za plese\u0148. Ako sa nepoplies\u0165? Aby ste rozl\u00ed\u0161ili zasolenie stien od zhrdzavenia, sta\u010d\u00ed zo\u0161kraba\u0165 trochu povlaku zo steny a zalia\u0165 ho vodou o teplote pribli\u017ene 20\u00b0C. Ak sa \u00faplne rozpust\u00ed, je to ist\u00e9, \u017ee ide o so\u013e.
    Zasolenie vznik\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku uvo\u013e\u0148ovania na povrch steny rozpusten\u00fdch sol\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa obsiahnut\u00e9 v malte a tehl\u00e1ch. Voda pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 v roztoku soli sa odparuje a na povrchu steny zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa nepekn\u00e9 efekty. Maj\u00fa farbu od snehovo bielej a\u017e po oran\u017eov\u00fa, \u010derven\u00fa a\u017e po tmavo \u0161ed\u00fa. \u010casto ide o farebn\u00e9 povlaky alebo kry\u0161talick\u00e9 n\u00e1nosy na stene.
    So\u013e, ktor\u00e1 kry\u0161talizuje na povrchu steny, bohu\u017eia\u013e nie je \u013eahko odstr\u00e1nite\u013en\u00e1. Povlaky sa bud\u00fa vraca\u0165, pokia\u013e bude stena vlhk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Odkia\u013e sa ber\u00fa nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 soli v murive?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    S\u00edrany, napr. z v\u00e1penca,
    Chl\u00f3ry, napr. zo soli proti po\u013eadovici,
    Azotany, napr. z mo\u010doviny.<\/p>\n

    Ak\u00e9 po\u0161kodenia m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    Mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenia v d\u00f4sledku kry\u0161taliz\u00e1cie a usadzovania vody (hydrat\u00e1cia).
    Mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kodenia v d\u00f4sledku zam\u0155zania a rozm\u0155zania vody v priehradke.
    Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 vlhkos\u0165 muriva a podlahy.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\"257068\" img_size=\"medium\" alignment=\"center\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Na zawilgocenie mur\u00f3w nara\u017cone s\u0105 nie tylko budynki stare, zabytkowe, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c nowopowstaj\u0105ce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":269758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[572],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-279945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=279945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279945\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/269758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=279945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=279945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}