{"id":278957,"date":"2023-08-18T13:24:31","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T13:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/bw-hasla\/deskowanie\/"},"modified":"2025-03-06T09:17:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T09:17:55","slug":"deskowanie","status":"publish","type":"knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/bw-hasla\/deskowanie\/","title":{"rendered":"Deskowanie - \u0160alovanie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deskowanie - \u0160alovanie<\/h1>\n

Deskowanie, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 aj \u0161alovan\u00edm, je proces vytv\u00e1rania do\u010dasnej kon\u0161trukcie z dosiek alebo dosiek, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 za cie\u013e vytvori\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00fd tvar pre bet\u00f3nov\u00fa zmes. Je to do\u010dasn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara vytv\u00e1ran\u00e1 z r\u00f4znych druhov dreva, dosiek (ako s\u00fa preglejky, OSB) alebo kovu. Je be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch alebo \u017eelezobet\u00f3nov\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00ed na stavenisku. V praxi m\u00f4\u017ee deskovanie vystupova\u0165 pod be\u017en\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvami ako \"\u0161al\u00f3wka\".<\/p>\n

\u0160alovanie s\u00fa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia na vytv\u00e1ranie bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00ed a na dod\u00e1vanie im po\u017eadovan\u00fdch tvarov. Ich hlavnou \u00falohou je podpora armovania po\u010das procesu betonovania, napr\u00edklad pri liat\u00ed bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch stropov alebo pri v\u00fdstavbe stien s otvormi na okn\u00e1 alebo dvere. Na po\u013esk\u00fdch stavenisk\u00e1ch sa \u010dasto stret\u00e1vame so \u0161alovan\u00edm vyroben\u00fdm z prepojen\u00fdch dosiek, ktor\u00e9 sa po pou\u017eit\u00ed v jednom projekte m\u00f4\u017eu znovu vyu\u017ei\u0165 na in\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa \u010doraz viac roz\u0161iruj\u00fa oce\u013eov\u00e9 \u0161alovania a tieto vyroben\u00e9 z vodoodolnej preglejky, zn\u00e1me ako syst\u00e9my na opakovan\u00e9 pou\u017eitie. Okrem toho sa \u0161alovanie vyu\u017e\u00edva na zabezpe\u010denie v\u00fdkopov. V z\u00e1vislosti od miesta ich pou\u017eitia na stavenisku m\u00f4\u017eeme rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 tri hlavn\u00e9 druhy \u0161alovania.<\/p>\n

\u0160alovanie pre v\u00fdkopy<\/h3>\n

Ich cie\u013eom je zabezpe\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdkopy v r\u00f4znych typoch podlo\u017eia. V\u010faka \u0161alovaniu steny v\u00fdkopu sa nezr\u00fati zemina, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vo\u013en\u00e9 umiestnenie pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch prvkov do v\u00fdkopu alebo vykon\u00e1vanie zemn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c. Tieto \u0161pecifick\u00e9 \u0161alovania m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vyroben\u00e9 z dreva alebo z ultralight hlin\u00edka, ktor\u00fd je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vhodn\u00fd pre mal\u00e9 v\u00fdkopy, napr\u00edklad pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii mal\u00fdch kanaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed. Na trhu s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii aj \u0161alovania so strednou hmotnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdkopoch v bytovej v\u00fdstavbe. Existuj\u00fa aj \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u0161alovania, vyroben\u00e9 z hrub\u00e9ho oce\u013eov\u00e9ho plechu, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v priemyselnom stavebn\u00edctve.<\/p>\n

\u0160alovanie stropu<\/h3>\n

Pln\u00ed \u00falohu podpory pre kon\u0161trukciu stropu. Kon\u0161trukcia tohto typu \u0161alovania sa sklad\u00e1 z rovnomerne rozmiestnen\u00fdch podp\u00f4r, na ktor\u00e9 sa umiest\u0148uj\u00fa tr\u00e1mce. Na tr\u00e1mcoch s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 \u0161alovacie dosky. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa aj tzv. \u0161alovacie stoly, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne montuj\u00fa pomocou \u017eeriavu na predt\u00fdm pripraven\u00e9 podpory. Je to obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 efekt\u00edvne rie\u0161enie pri tvorbe stropov s ve\u013ekou plochou. Po vybudovan\u00ed tohto typu \u0161alovania sa pristupuje k ukladaniu armovania stropu a veniec.<\/p>\n

\u0160alovanie stien<\/h3>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na zabezpe\u010denie otvorov v sten\u00e1ch, najm\u00e4 v kontexte nadpra\u017eia v dver\u00e1ch a okn\u00e1ch. Okrem toho pln\u00ed funkciu podpory pre r\u00f4zne dekorat\u00edvne prvky fas\u00e1dy. V z\u00e1vislosti od vykon\u00e1van\u00fdch \u00faloh a hmotnosti kon\u0161trukcie sa \u0161alovania stien klasifikuj\u00fa ako \u013eahk\u00e9 a stredne ve\u013ek\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad \u013eahk\u00e9 \u0161alovania m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 namontovan\u00e9 bez potreby pou\u017e\u00edvania zdv\u00edhac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed alebo \u017eeriavov.<\/p>\n

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