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Zelen\u00e9 strechy, vertik\u00e1lne z\u00e1hrady a zelen\u00e9 fas\u00e1dy s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edch stavebn\u00fdch trendov posledn\u00fdch rokov, aj ke\u010f ich hist\u00f3ria je ove\u013ea star\u0161ia. Ekologick\u00e9 priestorov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia s\u00fa popul\u00e1rne v mnoh\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch. Medzi l\u00eddrami v t\u00fdchto rie\u0161eniach s\u00fa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm N\u00f3rsko, D\u00e1nsko, \u0160vaj\u010diarsko a Holandsko. Av\u0161ak aj Po\u013esko za\u010d\u00edna by\u0165 st\u00e1le zelen\u0161ie. V minulom roku sa na na\u0161om trhu objavilo mnoho nov\u00fdch a zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed v tomto smere.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00fd vzh\u013ead zelen\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch nie je jedinou v\u00fdhodou tohto rie\u0161enia. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s\u00fa to ekonomick\u00e9 a ekologick\u00e9 aspekty.<\/p>\n
Zelen\u00e9 strechy s\u00fa odpove\u010fou na r\u00fdchlo sa meniace klimatick\u00e9 podmienky. V bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch miest, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zlo\u017een\u00e9 z budov, n\u00e1mest\u00ed a chodn\u00edkov, sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa tzv. mestsk\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 ostrovy, ktor\u00e9 kumuluj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 teploty. Zelen\u00e9 priestorov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnou met\u00f3dou na zn\u00ed\u017eenie teploty v centr\u00e1ch miest. \u010eal\u0161ou d\u00f4le\u017eitou v\u00fdhodou tohto rie\u0161enia je priestor, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017eu \u017ei\u0165 hmyz, vt\u00e1ky a men\u0161ie zvierat\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Zazelenenie verejn\u00fdch priestorov m\u00e1 tie\u017e pozit\u00edvny vplyv na pohodu obyvate\u013eov, poskytuje dobr\u00fd priestor na oddych a rekre\u00e1ciu. Zlep\u0161uje aj kvalitu vzduchu. Zelen\u00e9 priestorov\u00e9 rie\u0161enia za\u010dali z\u00edskava\u0165 \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu podporu od miestnych samospr\u00e1v, \u010do vedie k oslobodeniu od dane z nehnute\u013enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V\u010faka t\u00fdmto v\u0161etk\u00fdm pozit\u00edvnym aspektom bude v nasleduj\u00facich rokoch pravdepodobne prib\u00fada\u0165 \u010doraz viac zelen\u00fdch fas\u00e1d, striech a dvorov.<\/p>\n
Zelen\u00e9 strechy s\u00fa plochy oddelen\u00e9 od zeme stavbou alebo inou kon\u0161trukciou. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee zelen\u00e9 strechy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku, ale \u010dasto sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa napr\u00edklad na \u00farovni nuly. Niekedy sa prech\u00e1dzame po zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch a ani o tom nevieme, napr\u00edklad ke\u010f je pod nami parkovisko. Menej o\u010dividn\u00e9 typy zelen\u00fdch striech s\u00fa futbalov\u00e9 \u0161tadi\u00f3ny alebo tr\u00e1vy porasten\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 trate, niektor\u00e9 chodn\u00edky, ako aj patio v bytov\u00fdch komplexoch.<\/p>\n
Zelen\u00e9 strechy m\u00f4\u017eeme vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 kdeko\u013evek, ale najlep\u0161ie sa uplatnia v mest\u00e1ch, kde ch\u00fdba veget\u00e1cia. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee takzvan\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 strechy nie s\u00fa v\u017edy zelen\u00e9. \u010casto ide o povrch pokryt\u00fd veget\u00e1ciou, ale m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 aj o priestor pre vyu\u017eitie ako napr\u00edklad kaviare\u0148, park alebo vonkaj\u0161ia posil\u0148ov\u0148a.<\/p>\n
Zelen\u00e9 strechy zvy\u0161uj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 samotn\u00e9ho stre\u0161n\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a. Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch faktorov, ktor\u00e9 negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa strechy, s\u00fa denn\u00e9 rozdiely tepl\u00f4t. V pr\u00edpade u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch striech sa teploty menia ove\u013ea menej. Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 stre\u0161n\u00e9 pokrytia maj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 15 a\u017e 25 rokov, zatia\u013e \u010do profesion\u00e1lne vyhotoven\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 strechy m\u00f4\u017eu zosta\u0165 v dobrom stave najmenej 40 rokov.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di sa rozhodneme pre v\u00fdstavbu extenz\u00edvnej alebo intenz\u00edvnej zelenej strechy. V pr\u00edpade extenz\u00edvnej strechy m\u00e1me menej substr\u00e1tu (p\u00f4dy), tak\u017ee nie v\u0161etky druhy rastl\u00edn bud\u00fa ma\u0165 miesto na zakorenenie a rozvoj. Pri takomto rie\u0161en\u00ed sa odpor\u00fa\u010da vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa rastlin\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lnu starostlivos\u0165. V\u0161etky druhy tr\u00e1v nie s\u00fa v tomto pr\u00edpade dobr\u00fdm v\u00fdberom, preto\u017ee bude \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ich zakoreni\u0165 a budeme ma\u0165 probl\u00e9m s ich kosen\u00edm v \u0165a\u017eko dostupn\u00fdch priestoroch. Na extenz\u00edvne zelen\u00e9 strechy s\u00fa najvhodnej\u0161ie n\u00edzke rastliny, ako s\u00fa sukulenty, machy, rozchodn\u00edky, niektor\u00e9 bylinky, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa n\u00edzke n\u00e1roky na vodu a p\u00f4du.<\/p>\n
Intenz\u00edvne zelen\u00e9 strechy, umiestnen\u00e9 na dostupn\u00fdch miestach ako patio alebo plocha nad gar\u00e1\u017eovou plat\u0148ou, n\u00e1m d\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mo\u017enosti v\u00fdberu rastlinnosti. V tomto pr\u00edpade si m\u00f4\u017eeme dovoli\u0165 tr\u00e1vu, kvety, kr\u00edky, ba dokonca aj stromy.<\/p>\n
Bezpochyby v mestskej d\u017eungli n\u00e1m ch\u00fdba zele\u0148. Odpove\u010fou na t\u00fato potrebu s\u00fa plochy zelen\u00fdch striech. Zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu zelen\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch v meste zlep\u0161uje jeho estetiku a zni\u017euje pocit stiesnenosti. Priestor na oddych, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00edska\u0165 na zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch, je jednou z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod pre u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov budovy. Niekedy sta\u010d\u00ed vyjs\u0165 na chv\u00ed\u013eu zo zaplnen\u00e9ho kancel\u00e1rie \u010di dom\u00e1ceho pracoviska a dopria\u0165 o\u010diam oddych poh\u013eadom na zele\u0148. Zele\u0148 je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pre na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie.<\/p>\n
Rastliny vysaden\u00e9 na ploch\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch pozit\u00edvne p\u00f4sobia na \u010distenie vzduchu, zadr\u017eiavanie a\u017e 80% vody a \u010distenie da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d a zni\u017euj\u00fa miestnu teplotu (redukuj\u00fa mestsk\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 ostrovy). Nezpochybnite\u013enou v\u00fdhodou je aj biodiverzita, preto\u017ee v\u010faka zelen\u00fdm strech\u00e1m a teras\u00e1m vytv\u00e1rame prostredie pre zvierat\u00e1, vt\u00e1ky a hmyz.<\/p>\n
Zelen\u00e9 strechy zni\u017euj\u00fa hladinu hluku a\u017e o 8 decibelov, tak\u017ee mestsk\u00fd hluk bude po\u010du\u0165 takmer o polovicu tich\u0161ie.<\/p>\n
Okrem ekologick\u00fdch aspektov s\u00fa zelen\u00e9 strechy aj ekonomick\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm. S\u00fa to pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 klimatiza\u010dn\u00e9 zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 generuj\u00fa men\u0161iu spotrebu energie. Zelen\u00e9 strechy predl\u017euj\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 hydroizol\u00e1cie strechy. Netreba zab\u00fada\u0165, \u017ee predstavuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161iu v\u00fdhodu pre investora, preto\u017ee zvy\u0161uj\u00fa hodnotu budovy.<\/p>\n
V \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om po\u010dte po\u013esk\u00fdch miest sa uplat\u0148uje oslobodenie od dane z nehnute\u013enost\u00ed pre budovy so zelenou strechou alebo stenou plnou rastl\u00edn. Ulaga sa u\u017e m.in. v mest\u00e1ch ako Katovice, Gda\u0148sk, Wroc\u0142aw a Kalisz. Ob\u010dania Poznane, ktor\u00ed sa rozhodn\u00fa pre v\u00fdstavbu zelen\u00fdch striech alebo vertik\u00e1lnych z\u00e1hrad, aj ke\u010f nebud\u00fa osloboden\u00ed od dane, m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165 dot\u00e1cie. Priekopn\u00edkmi t\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed boli mestsk\u00e9 \u00farady Viedne, ktor\u00e9 pon\u00fakli obyvate\u013eom poradenstvo a finan\u010dn\u00fa podporu na podporu zazelenenia budov.<\/p>\n
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Druhy zelen\u00fdch striech<\/strong><\/p>\n Zelen\u00e9 strechy m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 na tri typy: extenz\u00edvne, intenz\u00edvne a polointenz\u00edvne.<\/p>\n Extenz\u00edvna zelen\u00e1 strecha<\/strong> je ve\u013emi mal\u00fdm za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm pre kon\u0161trukciu, vy\u017eaduje minim\u00e1lnu starostlivos\u0165. Tento typ strechy nevy\u017eaduje dodato\u010dn\u00e9 zavla\u017eovanie a je dobr\u00fdm alternat\u00edvnym rie\u0161en\u00edm pre \u0161trkov\u00fa povrchov\u00fa \u00fapravu. Na tak\u00fato strechu pou\u017e\u00edvame roho\u017e rozchodn\u00edkov s hr\u00fabkou 2,5 cm a substr\u00e1t o hr\u00fabke od 6 cm do 10 cm, plus reten\u010dn\u00fa roho\u017e (ktor\u00e1 sl\u00fa\u017ei na akumul\u00e1ciu vody a jej nadbytok odv\u00e1dza do hydroizola\u010dnej vrstvy).<\/p>\n Intenz\u00edvna zelen\u00e1 strecha<\/strong> je priestor, ktor\u00fd si v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s \u017eel\u00e1. Na\u0161a prv\u00e1 my\u0161lienka pri zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch n\u00e1s \u010dasto vedie k z\u00e1hradnej architekt\u00fare. Tieto strechy m\u00f4\u017eeme vyu\u017ei\u0165 na rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. M\u00e1me v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdber rastl\u00edn na osadenie strechy, a pri dostato\u010dnej hr\u00fabke vegeta\u010dn\u00fdch vrstiev m\u00f4\u017eeme na strechu vys\u00e1dza\u0165 aj stromy. V tomto pr\u00edpade pou\u017e\u00edvame substr\u00e1tov\u00fa vrstvu o hr\u00fabke najmenej 20 cm, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 a\u017e 200 cm v z\u00e1vislosti od druhu osadenia. Je tie\u017e potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 dren\u00e1\u017e s vy\u0161\u0161ou retenciou vody, napr\u00edklad Delta Floraxx 40H s akumul\u00e1ciou 19,59 l\/m2.<\/p>\n Polointenz\u00edvna zelen\u00e1 strecha<\/strong> je lacnej\u0161ou a menej n\u00e1ro\u010dnou alternat\u00edvou pre intenz\u00edvnu zelen\u00fa strechu. Na tejto streche zvy\u010dajne rast\u00fa tr\u00e1vy, bylinky, machy a kr\u00edky. Je charakteristick\u00e1 men\u0161ou rozmanitos\u0165ou u\u017e\u00edvania a formovania.<\/p>\n Taktie\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvame delenie zelen\u00fdch striech pod\u013ea vrstvy tepelnej izol\u00e1cie, teda na tradi\u010dn\u00fa zelen\u00fa strechu<\/strong> a obr\u00e1ten\u00fa zelen\u00fa strechu<\/strong>. \u010ealej sa delia pod\u013ea sklony na ploch\u00fa zelen\u00fa strechu<\/strong> a strm\u00fa zelen\u00fa strechu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_single_image image=\"259365\" img_size=\"full\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/2\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n Vegetat\u00edvna<\/strong><\/p>\n Filtra\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n Dren\u00e1\u017ena<\/strong><\/p>\n Ochrann\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n Ochrann\u00e1 proti kore\u0148om<\/strong><\/p>\n Proti\u0161mykov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n Hydroizola\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column offset=\"vc_col-lg-3\/5\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=\"259370\" img_size=\"large\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column offset=\"vc_col-lg-3\/5\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 vrstva je odoln\u00e1 proti prerastaniu kore\u0148ov vodotesn\u00e1 izol\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n Pod\u013ea potreby m\u00f4\u017eeme na tejto f\u00e1ze pou\u017ei\u0165 f\u00f3lie EPDM, membr\u00e1ny TPO\/FPO, bit\u00famenov\u00e9 povlaky alebo lepenku.<\/p>\n \u010ealej je potrebn\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 hydroizol\u00e1ciu pred mechanick\u00fdm po\u0161koden\u00edm pomocou ochrann\u00e9ho geotextilu, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie PES\/PE s gram\u00e1\u017eou men\u0161ou alebo rovnou 300 g\/m\u00b2.<\/p>\n Na obr\u00e1cen\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch s tepelnou izol\u00e1ciou XPS nan\u00e1\u0161ame dif\u00faznu roho\u017e. Jej \u00falohou je oddeli\u0165 tepeln\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu od z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov\u00fdch a dren\u00e1\u017enych mat\u00edc, ako napr\u00edklad dif\u00fazno-separa\u010dn\u00e1 roho\u017e Delta Vent RR.<\/p>\n \u010ealej sa nan\u00e1\u0161a dren\u00e1\u017ena vrstva. Vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acie otvory sl\u00fa\u017eia na odv\u00e1dzanie prebyto\u010dnej vody a na zadr\u017eiavanie vody pre potreby rastu rastl\u00edn. M\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov\u00e9 a dren\u00e1\u017ene roho\u017ee z HDPE, kociek z EPS (expandovan\u00fd polystyr\u00e9n), z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov\u00e9 a dren\u00e1\u017ene roho\u017ee z HIPS, reten\u010dn\u00e9 boxy z PP alebo miner\u00e1lny dren\u00e1\u017e. Maj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 zadr\u017eiavania, dren\u00e1\u017ee a odolnos\u0165 proti stla\u010deniu.<\/p>\n \u010eal\u0161\u00edm krokom je nanesenie filtra\u010dnej vrstvy, ktor\u00e1 oddeluje dren\u00e1\u017enu vrstvu od vegeta\u010dnej vrstvy a zabra\u0148uje vnikaniu \u010dast\u00edc z dren\u00e1\u017ee. Pou\u017e\u00edvame filtra\u010dn\u00fa geotext\u00edliu z PP (100-200 g\/m\u00b2).<\/p>\n Posledn\u00e1 vrstva, na ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eeme zasadi\u0165 rastliny, je vegeta\u010dn\u00e1 vrstva, ktor\u00e1 sa sklad\u00e1 zo \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch substr\u00e1tov. Jej zlo\u017eenie sa l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od typu zelenej strechy, ktor\u00fa si vyberieme, \u010do s\u00favis\u00ed aj s v\u00fdberom rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=\"stretch_row_content\"][vc_column width=\"1\/4\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/4\"][vc_hoverbox image=\"259367\" primary_title=\"\" hover_title=\"Delta Vent RR\" hover_btn_title=\"K\u00fapi\u0165\" hover_btn_color=\"sky\" hover_add_button=\"true\"]<\/p>\n [\/vc_hoverbox][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/4\"][vc_hoverbox image=\"259372\" primary_title=\"\" hover_title=\"Delta FLORAXX TOP (10x2m)\" hover_btn_title=\"K\u00fapi\u0165\" hover_btn_color=\"sky\" hover_add_button=\"true\" hover_btn_link=\"url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanier.pl%2Fprodukt%2Fdelta-floraxx-top-10x2m%2F|title:Delta%20FLORAXX%20TOP%20(10x2m)\"][\/vc_hoverbox][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1\/4\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column offset=\"vc_col-lg-3\/5\"][vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":271575,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[875],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-278767","knowledgebase","type-knowledgebase","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-baza-wiedzy-sk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledgebase\/278767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledgebase"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledgebase"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/55"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=278767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledgebase\/278767\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/271575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=278767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=278767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanier.pl\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=278767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Vrstvy zelenej strechy:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Obr\u00e1ten\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 strecha:<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/h3>\n
Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa vrstvy zelenej strechy?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Ak\u00e9 produkty budete potrebova\u0165?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Ak chcete k\u00fapi\u0165 in\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly zna\u010dky Dorken, kontaktujte n\u00e1s na \u010d\u00edsle +48 697 691 472, +48 883 292 303.<\/h3>\n